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With increased screen time and exposure to blue light, an increasing number of people have sleep deprivation. Blue light suppresses the release of melatonin and hinders sleep at night. We hypothesized that people could get a greater amount of sleep by controlling the blue light exposure from screen time before bedtime. BBG’s effect on reducing time to fall asleep was significant within the teenage group, but not significant in the adult group. This indicated that BBG could improve the time taken to sleep for young teenagers post screen time in the evening.

The main goal of this study is to determine what demographics are related to tuberculosis incidence in the United States populations, particularly if changing demographics are related to differences in tuberculosis risk over two discrete time periods. The major finding is that in the two studied time periods, tuberculosis risk factors were somewhat consistent and may be influenced by things such as immigration, healthcare access, and race or ethnicity, although the top predictor did change.

With healthy lung performance being critical to daily function and maintenance of physical health, the authors of this study explored the impact of airflow training from playing a wind instrument on respiratory system function. With careful quantification of peak expiratory flow of individuals who played the trumpet, the authors found no expiratory capacity difference between students who played the trumpet and students who did not play a wind instrument.

In this study, the authors investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on South Korean international school students' anxiety, well being and their learning habits.

In this study, the authors develop a new hydrogel using photochemical crosslinking with bovine serum albumin and methylene blue. They find that this new hydrogel has some useful applications!

We investigated whether dietary calcium intake affects how adolescents handle lead internally. Using paired blood and urinary lead data, we assessed whether calcium status is associated with differences in lead clearance. The results point to subgroups of adolescents—particularly those with lower calcium intake—who may carry a higher internal lead burden than their blood levels alone would suggest.

This study examined the effect of varying PVC microplastic concentrations on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris in freshwater, utilizing six PVC levels and identical culture conditions. Cell counts revealed that higher PVC concentrations consistently reduced algal growth, and a Spearman correlation test detected a significant negative monotonic association between PVC concentration and viable cell density. These results support the hypothesis that PVC microplastics impair algal growth, underscoring their ecological risk in freshwater environments.

Machine learning systems are often expected to make fair decisions, yet the most widely used fairness criteria—independence, separation, and sufficiency—cannot generally be satisfied at the same time. In this study, students tested these criteria using a logistic regression model on a real-world student performance dataset and found that each criterion was met only at different prediction thresholds, with no threshold satisfying all three simultaneously. These results illustrate the inherent trade-offs in algorithmic fairness and highlight why achieving perfectly fair machine learning models is often impossible in practice.

This study compares traditional and discovery-based instructional methods in online middle school mathematics education. Findings show that discovery-based learning significantly improves students’ academic performance and attitudes, highlighting the value of inquiry-driven instruction for enhancing both understanding and motivation.

The authors investigated the efficacy of functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles for turning saltwater to freshwater.